A reinforcement pad is used on the shell of a vessel to

• A. To seal leaks
• B. Strengthen nozzles and man-ways
• C. To reduce weight
• D. To improve heat transfer

Answer: (B)

Reinforcement around shell openings is used to strengthen the region where nozzles and man-ways attach to the vessel. Openings in a pressure vessel create sharp changes in geometry that concentrate stress from internal pressure and external loads. A reinforcement pad thickens and broadens the shell material around the opening, producing a smoother transition and a larger area to carry the loads, which lowers the risk of cracks or tearing at the openings. It’s not primarily for sealing leaks, which is handled by gaskets and proper welding; it also adds material (not reduces weight) and isn’t meant to improve heat transfer, so those options don’t fit.